Dab tsi yog Qhov txawv ntawm Hlau Thiab Malleable Hlau?

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm steel thiab malleable hlau?

Taw qhia:
Hlau thiab malleable hlau yog ob qho khoom siv feem ntau hauv ntau qhov chaw. Lawv ob leeg muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas ua rau lawv haum rau kev siv sib txawv. Kev nkag siab txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau thiab cov hlau tsis zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab paub thaum xaiv ntawm ob. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tshawb txog lawv cov kev hloov pauv hauv kev sib xyaw, kev tsim khoom, cov khoom siv kho tshuab, kev siv, thiab ntau ntxiv.

Kev sib xyaw:

Hlau:
Cov hlau yog cov hlau thiab cov pa roj carbon, nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon feem ntau yog li ntawm 0.2% mus rau 2.1% los ntawm qhov hnyav. Ntxiv nrog rau cov hlau thiab carbon, hlau yuav muaj lwm yam xws li manganese, silicon, thiab me me ntawm sulfur thiab phosphorus. Cov ntsiab lus ntxiv no, feem ntau hu ua alloying agents, yog ntxiv los txhim kho cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hlau, xws li lub zog, hardness, thiab corrosion kuj.

Malleable Hlau:
Malleable hlau, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog cov hlau alloy nrog cov ntsiab lus me me piv rau cov hlau. Nws feem ntau muaj 2-4% carbon, nrog rau lwm cov khoom xws li silicon, manganese, thiab kab ntawm leej faj thiab phosphorus. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon qis ua rau cov hlau tsis muaj hlau tsis tshua muaj nkig thiab ntau malleable, muab nws lub npe yam ntxwv.

Kev tsim khoom:

Hlau:
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev tsim cov hlau, suav nrog cov txheej txheem oxygen rauv taws (BOF) thiab cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob arc rauv (EAF). Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem BOF, hlau ore, nrog rau coke thiab limestone, yog melted nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg los tsim molten hlau. Cov hlau molten no yog tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau hauv cov hlau los ntawm kev tswj cov ntsiab lus carbon thiab ntxiv lwm cov khoom siv alloying.

Malleable Hlau:
Malleable hlau yog tsim los ntawm annealing dawb cam khwb cia hlau. Cov txheej txheem annealing muaj cua sov cov hlau maj mam mus rau qhov kub hauv qab nws qhov melting point thiab tswj qhov kub ntawm lub sijhawm. Cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau cov hlau hloov mus rau hauv daim ntawv malleable los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov pa roj carbon ntau thiab tsim cov graphite nodules hauv microstructure.

Mechanical Properties:

Hlau:
Hlau yog paub txog nws lub zog tshwj xeeb, hardness, thiab durability. Cov ntsiab lus carbon thiab lwm yam alloying ntsiab nyob rau hauv steel pab txhawb rau nws txhua yam khoom. Nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, cov hlau tuaj yeem pom ntau yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv, suav nrog lub zog tensile siab, muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo, thiab zoo heev ductility thaum piv rau malleable hlau. Qhov no versatility ua rau cov hlau haum rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov qauv thiab cov peev xwm thauj khoom.

Malleable Hlau:
Malleable hlau, txawm tias tsis tshua muaj zog thiab nyuaj piv rau cov hlau, nthuav tawm cov ductility zoo heev thiab cuam tshuam tsis kam. Cov txheej txheem annealing siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov malleable hlau imparts cov khoom no. Malleable hlau tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim zoo li tus thiab tsim rau hauv cov duab nyuaj yam tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm pob txha. Tsis tas li ntawd, malleable hlau tau zoo corrosion kuj, ua rau nws haum rau kev siv hauv cov kav dej, hluav taws xob fittings, thiab cov hom phiaj zoo nkauj.

Daim ntawv thov:

Hlau:
Steel lub zog thiab ruaj khov ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau ntau yam kev siv. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, tsheb tsim, machinery, khoom siv, thiab shipbuilding. Hlau kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov cuab yeej, cov kav dej, txuas hniav, thiab cov khoom siv ntxiv rau cov pob zeb ua vaj tse. Vim nws muaj peev xwm tiv taus kev ntxhov siab thiab kev nyuaj siab, steel feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim khoom thiab kev tsim kho kev lag luam.

Malleable Hlau:
Malleable hlau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ductility thiab cuam tshuam tsis kam ua rau nws zoo rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau shaping thiab sib sau. Nws yog feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim cov yeeb nkab fittings, xws li lub luj tshib, tees, thiab kev sib koom ua ke. Malleable hlau cov khoom tiv thaiv corrosion ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau cov kav dej. Nws kuj tseem ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov cuab yeej tes, tshuab ua liaj ua teb, thiab cov hlau zoo nkauj.

Tus nqi:

Hlau:
Tus nqi ntawm cov hlau txawv nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg leeg, kev tsim khoom, thiab kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam. Feem ntau, steel yog kim dua li cov hlau tsis muaj hlau vim nws lub zog ntau dua thiab ntau yam kev siv. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi sib txawv ntawm ob cov ntaub ntawv yuav txawv raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb thiab muaj.

Malleable Hlau:
Malleable hlau feem ntau tsis tshua kim dua hlau vim nws cov ntsiab lus qis dua thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yooj yim. Tus nqi txo ua rau malleable hlau yog qhov kev xaiv zoo nkauj rau cov ntawv thov uas muaj lub zog siab tsis yog qhov kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb.

Xaus:

Hauv kev xaus, qhov sib txawv ntawm steel thiab malleable hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb. Hlau yog cov khoom siv muaj zog thiab ntau yam, nthuav tawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas tsim nyog rau ntau yam kev siv. Malleable hlau, ntawm qhov tod tes, tsis tshua muaj zog tab sis muaj cov ductility zoo heev thiab cuam tshuam tsis kam. Nws yog feem ntau siv hauv cov kav dej thiab cov khoom siv hlau zoo nkauj. Kev xaiv ntawm steel thiab malleable hlau yog nyob ntawm cov kev cai tshwj xeeb ntawm daim ntawv thov, nrog rau lub zog, tus nqi, thiab corrosion kuj. Kev nkag siab txog qhov sib txawv no yuav pab tau txiav txim siab thaum xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog rau ib lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb.